System of transmission of radiant energy



AJune 27, 1933. 1 H HAMMOND, 1R 1,915,786

SYSTEM OF TRANSMISSION OF' RADIANT ENERGY Filed March 2, 1929 11 FQ v 12 wa www TTORN EY Patented June 27, 1933 PA'rEN vOFFICEV rc1-N NAYS HAMMOND, Jn., or GLOUCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS SYSTEM @TRANSMISSION or RADIANT ENERGY Application filed March 2, 1929. Serial No. 343,903.

The radiation of electromagnetic waves from various antennae will have a-polarized eiiect in Vaccordance with the direction of the length of the antenna being used. Thus a 5 vertical antenna will transmit. vertically pol distance the waves transmitted by horizontally arranged antenna may loe4 best received by an antennafin the vertical position or vice versa. A It has been observed, however, that regardless 'of the distance of transmission, a Vwave polarizedin a given direction may be best received on an antenna having a certain dir rection which need not necessarily be the same Q as -that of thetransmitter.. Conversely, 1t

has also been observed that a given receivingV antenna will -receive waves whichhave been polarized in a given direction better than Y; waves which have not been polarized, ald though as previously stated, the direction of jpolarization of the transmitter need not necessarily be the same as thedirection of the extent oi the receiving antenna. It is an object of the present invention to utilize the polarization characteristics of horizontal and vertical antennae VAto produce a rotating ield Vat the receiver.v

' 1t is a further obfeot Vof this invention to provide a system for rotating a Vield at the f'l" receiver at a low but supersonicirequency.-

Y lt is a still furtherv object of this invention to provide means whereby synchronism may be maintained between rotating mechanisms located at a transmitting station and-at a receiving station. Y

"0 modified, so that it-mayfbe that at a 'given Other objects of this invention will become apparent upon reading the following specication taken in connection with the accompanyingV drawing. Y

The'apparatus involved in this invention 55' comprises, at each of the transmitting and receiving stations, a` horizontal and a vertical antenna and at the transmitting station means for exciting the horizontal and vertical antenna in a given relationship so as to cause the `energy received at the receiver on the two antennae to have the same relationship and thus provide a rotating field at the said receiving station. Y Having thusbriefly described myrinvention, attention. is invited to the accompanying drawing wherein:

Figi-1 represents a transmitting station for carrying out the object of my invention;

.Figl 2 represents a receiving station Jfor 70 cooperation with the transmitting station as shown in Fig. 1; r

- Fig. 3 is a series of vector diagrams Vshowving the signal strength existing in the hori-v zontal and lvertical antennae of the receiver an'dtransmitteras well as the resultant field.

having thus briefly described the drawi' ing accompanying rthisspecication, attention is particularly .invited to Fig. 1 which shows a--horizontal antenna having the two 80 sections 11` and 12 coupled through the inductances 13 and ,.14 to the inductances 15 and 15 of the plate circuits of the plate modulated radioampliiier tubes 17 and 18 respectively. The vertical antenna 19-is simi- 85 larly connected to the ground 20 through the inductances 21 and 22 which are coupled to the inductances 23 and 24 in the plate circuits of the plate modulated radio amplifier tubes 25 and 26 respectively.

The plate modulated radio amplifier tubes 17 and 18 as well as the plate modulated radio amplifier tubes 25 and 26 are Vconnected in push-pull. VThe filaments of the thermionic devices are supplied in theusual and well 95 known manner, by the low potential sources 27 and 28.

. For supplying the high frequencyl to be radiated'thevgrids and filaments of the devices 17 `and 18 are `connected in parallelr to100 the inductance 29 inductively coupled to the inductance 30 in the output of the high frequency source 31. Similarly the grids and filaments of the devices .and 26 are connected in parallel to the inductanc-e 32 which is inductively related to the inductance 33, also included in series with the inductance in the output circuit of the high frequency source 31. Y

For supplyingthe lowror modulation frequency and alternately causing the highfrequency produced inthe oscillator 31` to be radiated by the horizontal and the vertical antenna, there is provided a low frequency source 36 the output of which comprises two circuits in'parallel. The first circuit includes in addition to the oscillator 36,v the inductance 37 and the resistance 38, the former of which is inductively coupled to the inducvtance 39 in the plate circuit-s of the device 17 lthe purpose of supplying a hiOh potential to these two thermionic devices. The condenser '41 islfor the purpose of causing a lead ofthe current inthe circuit which Yincludes it,of

approximately 90o with respect to the current in the parallel circuit including the in- Y26 will be negatively charged.

lso

vices 17 and 18.

ductance 37. rl`hus the devices 25 and 26 will 'be supplied withV full amplitude current or volta-ge 90 electric degrees before fthe de- Also, due to the push-pullarrangement of the. plate circuits, the plate of the device 25 will be positively charged at one portion of the cycle, whereas, the plate of thedevice Y On the oppositecycle the reverse will occur. The same is true` with respect tothe high potentials on Vthe plates of the devices 17 and 18.

` F ig. 2shows the receiving device comprising the horizontal antenna composed of the 'horizontal elements V51 and 52 connected by the inductance 53 and the vertical antenna Y circuit comprisinF the vertical antenna 54, the

input'inductance 55 and the ground connec- V tion 56. The inductance 53 is inductively re lated to the inductance 57 of the closed oscillatory circuit comprising, in addition, the

condenser 58. v'The closed oscillatory circuit thus composed is adaptedto supply the grid n,tuning condenser 66; The closed oscillatory circuit thus Acomposed is adapted to supply tential of said device.

the grid of the device 67 through the grid leak 68 and the grid leak condenser'69 in the usual and well-known manner. ment of the devices 59 and 67 are supplied by the low potential source, as indicated, in the usual and well known manner.

rlhe plate circuit of the device 59 includes the inductances 70 and 71 and the condenser 73 which latter is for the purpose of tuning the output to the modulation frequency of the transmitter, The plate circuit is completed through the high potential source as shown in the usual manner. The plate circuit of the device 67 includes the inductances 74 and 7 5 andthe condenser 76. The condenser 76 is for the purpose of tuning the output of the device G7 to the modulation frequency of the transmitter shown in Fig. 1.

f vThe coils 74 and 7 5 are arranged at right angles to the coils 70 and 71 and are forythe purpose of producing a rotating field in accordance with the variations in energy received on the respective antenna.

In Fig. 3 there are' shown a series of vector diagrams representing the current intensity existing in the vertical and horizontal antennae either of the receiver or the transmitter and also the resultant electric field produced covering the'complete cycle. The energy in the vertical antenna is represented bythe line OV while the energy in the horizontal is representedV by the line OH. The resultant or direction of polarization of transmission is representedV as the line OR and in case there is a single component presentby the single existing component OV or OH. rlhe diavgrams ofvFig. -3 will be more clearly explained later in connection with the description of the operation of my device.

Having thus described my invention I will now describe its operation.

The oscillator 31 Vis adapted to supply the high or carrier frequency 'of any given frequency as, say, one million cycles per second. This high frequency energy is adapted to be ampliliedin the devices 17 and 18, 25 and 26. The amount of such amplification in each device is dependent upon the plate po- For supplying the plate potential to these devices a generator 36, is provided which is adapted to supply alternating current voltage at a frequency, say, of 10,000 cycles per second. It is to be understood however, that this frequency may be either audible or supersonic. The primary plate current existing in the circuit for supplying the devices 25 and 26 is 4so adjusted by means of the condenser 41 that it will have a lead of approximately over the plate The ilacurrent for the devices 17 and 18. Thus rebe maximum and the high frequency gener- Fas Y 'radiation of the two antennae'. r

ated at 31 will Abetransmitted through the amplifying device 25 and the vertical anten na. This is represented by the first diagram of Fig. 3 where the line OV represents maximum transmission on lthe vertical antenna plate of the device 25 will bedecreasing and consequently the high frequency being transmitted through said devices through the vertical antenna will be decreasing. This. is shown diagrammatically inthe second dia'- gram ofvF ig. 3 which represents the amount of transmission from the vertical and lhorizontal antenna and the vector sum of said radio transmission. It is obvious that the line OR will also represent the actual direction of polarization of the-combined field of After 90 electric degrees or 1/8 of 1/10,000 ofVV a second later the current in the coil 37 will be maximum and the'current in the coil 40 will be'zero. ation of the carrier frequency is throughk the device 17 upon the plate of-which the maximum voltage yis impressed. The transmission will then be polarized in a horizontal direc- 151011. i 'L' Similarly, the remaining diagrams of Fig. 3Yshow the relationship of theantenna radiations ofA thel twoV antennae throughoutV the complete cycle." n y Y It vcan thus be seen that for every cycle of the oscillator a lmodulation pulse is caused by cach of the `two modulators and therefore the modulation frequency would be twice the right angles. Since the detected currents are ofV double thev frequency used in modulation at the transmittenit follows that 'the phase difference of detected grid currents in devices 1 59 and 67 will be twiceV the phase difference of the original modulating currents, namely 180 electrical degrees; The phase of the currents in the output coils 70-71 and 74-75 may be adjusted toV 90- electrical degrees difference byl having one circuit tuned to a slightly Therefore, the onlyV radi-V Y rfrequency utilization circuit.

higher frequency and the other circuit tuned to a slightly lower frequency than for exact resonance, producing phase shifts in the plate circuit of degrees in opposite senses.

i Thus it is seen that at the receiver a rotating field is provided, causedand determined by the rate of modulation used at the transmitter of Fig. l.

I In the case that the frequency of modula-n tion at the transmitter is supersonic, as in i" the case taken for the purpose of illustration, wherethe oscillator 36 has a frequency of 10 kilocycles and the frequency of modula-V tion is therefore 20 lilocyclcs, the secondary or supersonic-frequency may be modulated by` an audio orsignal frequency. In this case it would be possible to transmit two audio messages, one over the horizontal antenna and one over the vertical antenna, by causing the two4 audio frequency circuits to operate upon .the modulator plate vcircuits of the respective systems, as by Vusing a. magnetic modulator in the place of transformers 37-39 and 40 43. To receive this type of transmission, it

would be necessary to provide a double detection receiver for use with each of the horizontal and vertical antenna at the receiver. This could be easily done by adding a second detector coupled to the inductances and 74 of F ig. 2. `The output of the additional detector would, of course, consist of an audio It is to be understood that a great many modifications ofiny invention may be made without departing fromits spirit and that,E therefore, I am not to be limited by the specific embodiment shown for the purpose of illustration only, but rather by the scope of the invention as indicated in the appended claims. v

` Having now described my invention, what I claim is:

. 1. Means for the transmission and reception of radiant energy which comprises a i transmitterincluding, a source of high fre-uV quency energy, a source of low frequencyl energy, a horizontal antenna, a vertical an` tenna, means forampiifying and supplying said high frequency energy to saidhorizontal antenna, means for amplifying and supplying said `highfrequency energyV to ,saidV vertical antenna, means for modulating the energy supplied to said horizontal antenna at said low frequency, and means for modulating the energy supplied to said vertical antenna at the same low frequency but at 90 phase quadrature, said amplifying means for each of saidantennze comprising two thermionic vdevices the grid circuits' of which are coupled in parallel. with respect to said high frequency source and whose plate circuits are arranged in push-.pull with respect Y to said low' frequency source, and a receiver including a horizontalV antenna., a vertical antenna, a ithermionic detector :associated 7 izo Withy said horizontal antenna, a thermionic detector associated With said vertical antenna, a tuned circuit in the input of said second mentioned detector, a tuned output circuit for each of said detectors, and field 4coils, connected to each of said output circuits arranged'at right angles whereby a rotating field is produced, the frequency of rotation yof which Will correspond to the frequency of the low frequency source of the said transmitter.

2. Means for the transmission of radiant energy which comprises a source of high frequency energy, a horizontal antenna, a vertical antenna, means for amplifying and supplying said high frequency energy to said horizontal antenna, means for amplifying and supplying said high frequency energy to said vertical antenna, a source of loiv frequency energy, means for modulating the energy supplied to said horizontal antenna at said low frequency, and means for modulating the energy supplied-toV said vertical antenna at the same low frequency loutat` 90o phase quadrature, said amplifying means for each of said. antennae comprising tvvo therniionic Vdevices the grid circuits of `which are coupled inparallel With respect to said Vhigh frequency source and Whose plate circuits aie arranged in push-pull Withrespect to said lovv frequency source.

3. Means for the transmissionV ofvradiant energy Whichcomprises, asource vof high frequency energy, a horizontal antenna, a

vertical antenna,.means for amplifying and supplying said'higli frequency energy to said horizontal antenna, means for amplifying and supplying said high lfrequency energy to said vertical antenna, la source of low frequency energy, means Vfor modulating the energy supplied to said horizontal antenna at said low frequency, means for modulating the ,energy supplied to said vertical antenna at the same lovv frequency but at 900 phase quadrature.

Il. Means for the transmission and reception -of radiant energy which comprises a transmitter including, a source of high frequencyenergy, ahorizontal antenna, a vertical antenna, means for amplifying and supplying 'said high frequency energy to saidy horizontal antenna, means for amplifying and supplying'said high frequency energy to said vertical antenna, a source ofv loW supersonic energy, means for modulating the energy supplied to said horizontal antenna atsaid loW supersonic frequency, means for modulating said last mentioned frequency at an audio frequency, means for modulating the energysupplied to said vertical antenna at the sanie.;lovv supersonic frequency but at. 90 phase quadrature, means for modulating said last mentioned supersonic frequency at a second audio frequency, said amplifying l means lfor each of saidvantennee vcoriiprising utilization circuits for utilizing the energy supplied by eachl of said last mentioned tuned circuits.

- 5. Means for production'of a rotating field Which comprises a transmitting station and a receiving station, said transmitting station comprising a vertical and a horizontal antenna, means for exciting each of said antennae with energy of the same frequency alternately modulated at quadrature phase independently receiving the horizontal and vertical components of said transmission and means for rectifying and reproducing the vcurrents thus received and means for producingfrom said currents a rotating electromagnetic field.

' 6. Means for the transmission of radiant lenergy which comprises, a source of high frequency energy, a horizontal antenna, a vertical antenna, means v for amplifying and supplying said high frequency energy to said horizontal antenna, means for amplifying and supplying said ,high frequency energy to said vertical antenna, a source of lovv supersonicfrequency energy, means for modulating the energy supplied to said horizontal antenna at said low supersonic frequency,

ymeans for modulating the energy supplied to said vertical antenna at the same loW frequency but at 90 phase quadrature, means for" modulating the low supersonic frequency ,supplied to modulate the energy supplied to leach of said vertical and horizontal antenna .at different audio frequencies to send messages, said amplifying means for each of said lantenna comprising two thermionic devices the grid circuitsof which are coupled in parallel with respect to said high frequency source and Whose plate circuits are arranged in ypush-pull with respect to saidsupersonic low frequency course., A

7. Means for the transmission of radiant energy whichcomprised,` source of high frequency energy, a horizontal antenna, a vertical antenna, meansfcr amplifyiner and supplying said high frequency energy to said horizontal antenna, means fcr'amplifying and supplying said high frequencyv energy to said verticaliantenna, a'source oflow supersonic frequency energy, means for ,modulating theV relationship, means at the said receiver for .f

energy supplied to saidhorizontalantenna said vertical @and horizontal antenna at difY ferent audio frequencies to send messages.

8, Means yfor thetransmission and reception of radiant energy which comprises, a transmitting station and a receiving station, said transmitting station comprising a vertical and horizontal antenna, means for alternately exciting each of saidantennae With energy of the same frequency modulatedr at quadrature phase relationship, means for modulating the current modulating the enciting frequency supplied `to each 'of said an# tennae at al different. audio frequency to'- send two messages, *and said receiver comprising means for independently receiving horizontal and vertical components of the transmis-k sion' of said transmitter, means for rectifying and `reproducing the currents thus produced and utilizing means for each of'said audio frequency components. Y

9; A receiver for the reception of radiant energy which comprises, a horizontal antenna,v a vertical antenna, a thermionic detector associated with said horizontal antenna, a ther-V mionic' detector associated With saidvvertical antenna, a tuned circuit in theinput of said first mentioned detector, a tuned circuitv in the input of said seconidmen'tioned detector, a tuned output circuit for eacli of said detectors and field coils connected to' each of said output circuits arranged at right angles whereby a rotating field is produced;

105A receiver for theV reception of radiant energy comprising, a horizontal antenna, a

Vvertical antenna, a detector associated With SOI said horizontal antenna, a detector associated With said vertical antenna, tuned input and output circuits for each of said detectors, field coils connected to each of said output circuits and second detection means associated with said field coils.

l1. Method of producing a rotatingfieldl Which comprises transmitting vertically and horizontally polarized high frequency Waves modulated at a low frequency at quadrature phase relationship, receiving the horizontal and vertical component of said transmission and independently rectifying and reproducing the 10W frequency components of the currents thus received and producing therefrom a' rotating electromagnetic field. e

l2. The method of transmission and recepe tion of radiant energy which comprises trans-Y mitting high frequency energy polarized at right angles, modulating each of said polarization components by the `same low supersonic frequency but at phase quadrature, modulating the low supersonic frequency energy used to modulate each of saidhigh frequencyv Y'components by an audio frequency 'to send tufoV messages, independently receiving and Y detecting the polarized components of said polarized transmission and utilizing the resullting frequencies, l y iV v 1 3. 1n asystem for'tlie reception of radiant energy, means for independently receiving and' detecting tlie horizontal and vertical polarization-components 'of a radio transmission and meals for independently utilizingthe detected components*of said transmission.

14. rIhe steps in the method of producing and transmitting signalling energy havin'g a rotatingv field which comprise, generating carrier frequency energy, generating modulating frequency energy, transi'nitting said carrier frequency energy in the form of veri tically polarized Waves and horizontally polarized Waves and modulating' the'liori@ z'onta'lly polarized Waves and the vertically polarized 'Waves by the modulating fre# quency energy at quadrature phase relation; Sllp. A Y l i z. l5.y The steps in a method of signalling `which comprise, generating carrier fre-y quency quency energy, producing modulating fre# quency energy having the same frequency as said first-named modulating frequency energy butbeing at quadrature phase. relationship therewith, modulating a portion of said generated carrier frequency energy with said lirst-named modulating frequency energy, transmitting thev side-bands' resultingfrom said modulation in the form of horizontally polarized Waves, modulating another V prtion of said Vcarrier frequencyA energy Withv said second-named modulating frequency energy and transmitting theside'- 'bands resulting from said second-named modulation in the form of horizontally polarized Waves.

16. rThe steps in the method of signalling by means of energy having a rotating field Which comprises, generating a carrier frequency energy, generating modulatingv frequency energy, transmitting said carrier frequency energy in the form ofl vertically polarized'vvaves and horizontally polarized Waves and alternately modulating the horizontally polarized Waves and the vertically polarized Waves by the modulating frequency energy at quadrature phase relationship, re-

ceiving said transmitted energy and produci' ing therefrom a rotating electro-magnetic field and utilizing said rotating field.

17. The steps ina method of signalling Which comprise, generating carrier frequency energy, producing modulating frequency energy, producing modulating frequency energy having the same frequency as said first-named modulating Vfrequency energy but being at quadrature phase relationship therewith, modulating a portion of energy, producing modulating ,fre-

l said generated carrier frequency energy with said first-named modulating frequency ying said rotating field for obtaining the signals therefrom.

18.*In a transmission system, a palr of v'spaceV discharge devices having a common inputcircuit and parallel connected output circuits,a horizontal antenna system coupled to both said output circuits, a second pair vof spa'cedischarge deviceshaving Aa common input circuit and parallel connected output circuits, aY vertical antenna system coupled to Alooth Y said last-named parallel connected output circuits, a source of carrier frequency energy coupled to both said input circuits, a source of modulating frequency energy coupled to said first-named parallel connected output circuits and a vsource of modulating frequency energy having a different phase than said first-named source of modulating frequency energy coupled to said second-named parallel connected output circuits.

19. In a transmission system, a pair of space discharge devices having a common input circuit and parallel connected output circuits, an antenna system adapted to transmit horizontally polarized Waves coupled to both said output circuits, a second pair of space discharge devices, having a common input circuit and parallel. connected voutput circuits, an antenna systeml adapted to transmit vertically polarized Waves coupled to both said last-named parallel connected output circuits, a source of carrier frequency energy coupled to both said input circuits, a source of modulating frequency energy, means for coupling said source to one of said parallel connectedoutput circuits arrangement, and means connected With said modulating frequency energy source for supplying said other parallel connectedr output circuits arrangement yWith modulating frequency energy out of phase With respect to the energy supplied to said first-mentioned arrangement. Y

20. The/steps in a method of' producing and transmitting a rotating electric field representative ofl signal energy desired to be transmitted which comprise producing high frequency energy, producing lower frequency energy having the desired signal characteristics impressed thereon, modulating a portion of the high frequency energy by a p0rtion of the loW frequency energy and transmitting at least the side bands resulting therefrom in the form of energy having certain definite, polarization characteristics, modulating another portion of said high frequency energyrby another portion of said low frequency energy but atphase quadrature as compared With said iirstmentioned portion of said loW frequency energy, and transmitting' at least the side bands resulting therefrom in the form of energy hating certain definite polarization characteristics differing fromV said rst mentioned transmitted energy.

JOHN HAYS HAMMOND, JR. 

